A 13th-century kettlehat from Kodasoo, Estonia

Authors

  • Jaak Mäll Estonian History Museum, Collection of Arms and Armour, Tallinn

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gladius.2011.0005

Keywords:

Helmet, Mediaeval, Kettlehat, Metallography, EDS analysis

Abstract


The oldest surviving helmet from Estonia is a 13th-century kettlehat found near village of Kodasoo in northern Estonia. Three samples from different parts of the kettlehat were investigated in a metallographic study. The raw material of the Kodasoo kettlehat was a slag-rich iron of heterogeneous carbon content. It was improved by folding and forge-welding it at least three times, resulting in layered structure with more uniformly distributed carbon content.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Buchwald, V. F. (2005): Iron and steel in ancient times. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter 29. Copenhagen.

Cockerell, S. C. et al. (1969): Old Testament miniatures. New York.

Gjessing, G. (1942): Stålhuene fra Bejarn og andre norske stålhuer framellomalderen. Viking VI. Oslo. 75-108.

HCL : Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae – Henriku Liivimaa Kroonika. Tallinn 1980.

Hansen, G. von (1875): Die Sammlungen inländischer Alterthümer und anderer auf die baltischen Provinzen bezüglichen Gegenstände des Estländischen Provinzial-Museums. Reval.

Landrin, M. H. (1836) Die Kunst des Messerschmiedes. Übersetzt von H. Leng und C. H Schmidt. Weimar. Reprint 2000.

Mattila, L. (1998): Komposiittihaarniska 1500-luvulta. Muinasaja teadus 5. Tallinn. 308–320.

Müller, H. (1971): Europäische Helme aus der Sammlungen des Museums für Deutsche Geschichte. Militärverlag DDR.

Peets, J. (2003): The Power of Iron. Iron Production and Blacksmithing in Estonia and Neighbouring Areas in Prehistoric Period and the Middle Ages. – Research into Ancient Times 12. Tallinn.

Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. 2nd edition. The Institute of Materials.

Williams, A. (2003) The Knight and the Blast Furnace. A History of the Metallurgy of Armour in the Middle Ages & the Early Modern Period. – History of Warfare 12. Leiden & Boston.

Downloads

Published

2011-12-30

How to Cite

Mäll, J. (2011). A 13th-century kettlehat from Kodasoo, Estonia. Gladius, 31, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.3989/gladius.2011.0005

Issue

Section

Articles