Dog sacrifices in the Xandica: A hypothesis on the cult of Ennodia in the macedonian army
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gladius.2016.0004Keywords:
Macedonia, Thessaly, Ennodia, Philip II, Alexander the Great, Hekate, PheraeAbstract
The dismemberment of a female dog as a purification ceremony before a ritual combat that the Macedonian army held in the Xandica, could be related to Ennodia goddess, an equivalent to Hecate in the Thessalian and Macedonian context. From the historical sources statements and the archaeological remains, we try to prove this hypothesis, in which we present the possibility that this ritual was incorporated with Thessalian troops that Philip II introduced in the Macedonian army in the context of the deep military reform developed when he came to the head of the kingdom.
Downloads
References
Baring, A. y Cashford, J. (2014): El mito de la diosa . Madrid, Siruela.
Baege, W. (1923, or. 1913): De Macedonum sacris. Halle, Formis Descripsit Ehrhardt Karras.
Bermejo Barrera, J. C. (2001): «Hécate y Asteria: aspectos de la concepción del espacio en la Teogonía hesiódica». Fronteras e identidad en el mundo griego antiguo. III Reunión de Historiadores del Mundo Antiguo , 2000 . Universidad de Santiago de Compostela y Universidad de Vigo: 15-28.
Borza, E. N. (1990): In the shadow of Olympus. The emergence of Macedon . Princeton, Princeton University Press.
Burkert, W. (2007): Religión griega arcaica y clásica . Madrid, Abada Ediciones.
Calvo Martínez, J. L. (1992): «La diosa Hécate: un paradigma de sincretismo religioso del helenismo tardío». Florentia Iliberritana, 3: 71-82.
Campbell, J. (2013): Diosas . Gerona, Atalanta.
Carpenter, T. H. (1991): Arte y mito en la Antigua Grecia . Barcelona, Destino.
Chatzinikolaou, K. G. (2010): «Locating Sanctuaries in Upper Macedonia according to archaeological data». Kernos , 23: 193-222. https://doi.org/10.4000/kernos.1580
Chevalier, J. y Gheerbrant, A. (2007): Diccionario de símbolos . Barcelona, Herder.
Chrysostomou, P. (1993-1994): «Oi thessalomakedonikoi theoi ton katharmon». Makedonika, 29: 175-207.
Chrysostomou, P. (1998): I Thessaliki Thea En(n)odia i Pheraia Thea. Atenas, Tameio Archaiologikôn Poron kai Apallotriôséôn.
Chrysostomou, P. (2011): «The ancient settlement of Archontiko». The Archaeological Museum of Pella . Atenas, Latsis Foundation: 299-392.
Dubois, L. (1987): «Zeus Tritodios». Revue des Études Grecques, 100: 458-461. https://doi.org/10.3406/reg.1987.1519
Eliade, M. (2008, or. 1951): El mito del eterno retorno . Madrid, Alianza.
Farnell, L. R. (1895-1909): The Cults of the Greek States . Oxford, Clarendom Press.
Frazer, J. G. (2011, or. 1922): La Rama Dorada. Madrid, Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Gimbutas, M. (2014): Diosas y dioses de la Vieja Europa (7000-3500 a. C.). Madrid, Siruela.
Goukowsky, P. (2009): Études de philologie et d'histoire ancienne: Macedonia varia. Nancy, ADRA.
Gow-Page, A.S.F. (1965): The Greek Anthology: Hellenistic Epigrams . Cambridge, University Press.
Graekos, I. (2011): «War and hunting: the world of the Macedonian King and his companions». Heracles to Alexander the Great . Oxford, Ashmolean: 75-92.
Granier, F. (1931): Die makedoniscke Heeresversammlung. Ein Beitrag zum antiken Staatsrecht . Munich, Verlag C.H. Beck.
Graninger, C. D. (2006): «The regional cults of Thessaly». Cornell Theses and Dissertations. Cornell University. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/2595?mode=full
Graninger, C. D. (2009): «Apollo, Ennodia, and fourth-century Thessaly». Kernos , 22: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.4000/kernos.1775
Graninger, C. D. (2010): «Macedonia and Thessaly». A companion to Ancient Macedonia: 306-325. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444327519.ch15
Grimal, P. (2008): Diccionario de mitología griega y romana . Barcelona, Paidós. PMCid:PMC2610327
Hard, R. (2008): El gran libro de la mitología griega . Madrid, La Esfera de los libros.
Hadzisteliou-Price, T. (1971): «Double and multiple Representation in Greek Art and Religious Thought». The Journal of Hellenic Studies , 91: 48-69. https://doi.org/10.2307/631369
Hatzopoulos, M. I. (1994): «Cultes et rites de passage en Macedoine». Meletemata, 19. Atenas, Éditions de Boccard. PMCid:PMC159277
Hocart, A. M. (1935): Le progrès de l'homme. París, Payot.
Kalleris, J. N. (1976): Les anciens Macédoniens, étude linguistique et historique . Atenas, Instituto Francés.
Kraus, T. (1960): Hekate: Studien zu Wsen und Bild der Göttin in Kleinasien ind Griechenland. Heidel berg, Carl Winter Universitat Verlag.
Kottaridi, A. (2013): Aigai, the royal metropolis of the macedonians . Atenas, Latsis Foundation.
Le Bohec-Bouhet, S. (2011): «Les chiens en Macédoine dans l'Antiquité». N. Badoud (éd.), Philologos Dionysios: mélanges offerts au professeur Denis Knoepfler . Genéve: 491-515.
Mastrokostas, E. (1978): «On the Grave Epigram from Pella, AAA X (1977) 259-263». Athens Annals of Archaeology, 11: 196-197.
Mazon, P. (1923): Hésiode, les travaux et les jours le bouclier . París, Les Belles Lettres.
Mazzola, E. (2006): «Ecate: solo dea delle donne?. La dea nelle testimonianzse litterarie dalle origini al III secolo a. C.». Acme, 59: 305-318.
Mili, M. (2015): Religion and Society in Ancient Thessaly. Oxford, Oxford Classical Monographs.
Molina Marín, A. I. (2015): «Tifones y gigantes en el mundo macedonio: el rey como símbolo del orden cósmico». Gerión , 33: 67-88. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_GERI.2015.v33.50974
Molina Martín, C. (2014): Hécate: paradigma de la relación entre la mujer, la luna y la magia. Trabajo de fin de máster. Madrid, Universidad Complutense. http://eprints.ucm.es/28358/1 Eprints_TFM_Celia_Molina.pdf
Morgan, C. (2003): Early greek states beyond the polis . Londres, Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203417751
Muller, K. O. (1820): Geschichten hellenischer Stämme und Städte I. Breslau, Verlag Von Josef Mar.
Nilsson, M. (1906): Griechische Feste von religiöser Bedeutung . Leipzig, B. G. Teubner.
Nilsson, M. (1961, or. 1940): Greek folk religion . Nueva York, Columnia University Press.
Nilsson, M. (1961-1967): Geschichte der griechischen Religion . Munich, Verlag C.H. Beck.
Papachatzis, N. (1958): «Pasikrata en Demetrias». Thessalika, I: 50-65.
Philippson, P. (1944): Thesalische Mythologie . Zurich.
Ridgway, B. S. (2001): Hellenistic Sculpture, I. Wisconsin, The University of Wisconsin Press.
Robert, L. (1960): «Une deésse à cheval en Macédoine». Hellenica, 11-12: 588-595.
Ronan, S. (1992): The Goddess Hekate. Hastings, Chthonios Books.
Rudolf, I. R. von (1999): Hekate in Early Greek Religion. Victoria, Horned Owl Publishing.
Serafini, N. (2015): La dea Ecate nell'antica Grecia: una protettrice dalla quale prottegersei. Roma, Aracne.
Tarn, W. (1928): «Macedonia and Greece». The Cambridge Ancient History, VII: 197-223. Cambridge.
Usener, H. (1913): Kleine Schriften IV . Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Wallbank, F. W. (2002): Polybius, Rome and the Hellenistic World: Essays and Reflections. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511482953 PMid:14986662
Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, U. (1931): Der Glaube der Hellenen . Berlín, Weidmannsche Buchhandlug.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.